Cancer and Your Pet

Just say the word cancer and any of a host of undesirable thoughts will pop in your mind- and with good reason. Cancer is one of the most common of diseases among pets and increases as the pet ages. In dogs, the frequency of getting cancer is equivalent to that of a human being getting cancer. Additionally, it accounts for close to half the deaths of pets over the age of 10.

Just what is cancer and what causes it? Basically, cancer occurs when cell growth rates go out of control on, or inside, the body. What causes this chaos inside the system of the cell is still unknown-but the results have been well documented and the reputation is well known.

Some cancers such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer or testicular cancer can be largely prevented by spaying or neutering your pet while it is still very young (6-12 months or so). Other types, however, are not as easy to detect, causing difficult preventive methods.

Following are many common types of cancers seen in pets. Skin tumors in dogs should always be checked by a vet. Breast cancers have a high rate of malignancy in dogs- often 50%. Lymphoma is common and is characterized by an enlargement of the lymph nodes. Testicular tumors are common in dogs - especially those having retained testes. Cancers occurring in the head and/or neck are common in dogs and often malignant. Aggressive and quick therapy is required. Abdominal tumors are harder to detect and very common. Watch for weight loss or abdominal enlargement.

Testing for cancer can be done in a variety of methods - from x-rays or blood tests to actual biopsy samples(tissue samples). Most often, biopsies are required to diagnose cancer.

Treatments run the gamut in cancer therapy. Since each cancer may be of a different type from animal to animal, and each animals system may react differently to the same drug, the care is highly individualized. Your veterinarian may choose from such options as chemotherapy, radiation, hyperthermia, surgery, immuno-therapy, or cryosurgery(freezing) to treat your pet, although combinations of the above methods are quite common.

Now for the big question. Just what are the success rates of these methods in treating my pet for cancer? Just as in humans, the success rate depends on a number of variables- what type of cancer your pet has, how early you detect the cancer,how you treat the cancer and how strong your pet is - just to name a few.

Sometimes the cancer can be cured if response is quick and the treatment aggressive but all pets may receive a better quality of life from therapy received. The best therapy seems, however, to be early detection through regular vet visits and keen knowledge of your pets overall rate of health at all times. Watch for changes and be aware should any unusual symptoms pop up.

COMMON SIGNS OF CANCER SEEN IN SMALLER ANIMALS

Loss of appetite
Sudden weight loss
Slow,or non-healing sores
Offensive odor
Abnormal growths or swellings
Loss of stamina
Hesitation in exercising
Persistent lameness or stiffness
Difficulty in eating or swallowing
Difficulty in breathing, defecating or urinating

Article written and reprinted with permission of: http://www.pedigreedpups.com/
Purebred Dogs, Puppies and Dog Breeders - "Your New Best Friend"

Copyright 2005. All rights reserved.

Debbie Ray, owner of http://www.pedigreedpups.com and http://www.total-german-shepherd.com, is a lifelong animal lover and dog enthusiast. Interested in more dog information? Training and health tips? Thinking about getting a purebred dog? Interested in the German Shepherd Dog in particular? Need to promote your dog related website and get additional in bound links? Check out pedigreedpups.com , total-german-shepherd.com or http://www.pedigreeddogs.com (purebred dog breed directory) for more information.

A Short History on Sudoku

Now being hailed as the Rubiks Cube for the 21st Century, Sudoku has become the fastest growing puzzle game throughout the world. Sudoku which in some cases be spelt as Su Doku and is pronounced as Soo Doe Koo is an abbreviation of the Japanese phrase suuji wa dokushin ni kagiru meaning the digits must remain single. Although many people believe it to be of Japanese origin, it isnt. The only thing truly Japanese about it is the name.

In Japan there is a Publishing House called Nikoli who publish the countries leading puzzle publication Monthly Nikolist and it was members of the staff that noticed there was an interesting number puzzle game called The Number Place being published in the American version of their puzzle magazine called Dell Puzzle Magazines. So in April 1984 Sudoku as it is known in Japan and across the world made its debut in the Monthly Nikolist, although it was originally known as Suunji wa dokushin ni kagiru by Kaji Maki the president of the company at the time. Although the maiden issue of Sudoku enjoyed some modest success, its success is really down to the fact that the Japanese people are puzzle crazy.

It was only after a couple of significant changes had happened which resulted in the puzzles popularity taking off. Firstly the name was changed to Sudoku (which is a lot easier to remember) then Nikoli Publishing House introduced 2 new rules for the game in 1986. These were that the numbers were to be arranged symmetrically and the given numbers could not exceed 30. Today you will find that there are at least 5 publishing companies now producing a monthly magazine which is solely devoted to this game in Japan. As for the name Sudoku it is rather a brand name instead of being a generic one and it has been legally registered by the Nikoli Company in Japan. Because of this any other company producing versions of this game must provide their own names for their versions.

Other stories that are doing the rounds concerning who created Sudoku are various; one being that it was created by a team of puzzle creators in New York. Then the other story also doing the rounds is that a retired architect and puzzle enthusiast by the Howard Gerns invented the game. Yet although these stories conflict because they credit its invention by different people, they do in fact agree on two points.

Firstly that Sudoku was first published in 1979 by Dell Puzzle Magazines with the title The Number Place.

Secondly that both Gerns and the puzzle creators from New York were inspired to produce their own versions by the game called Latin Square of Leonhard Euler. Leonhard Euler was a Swiss mathematician who presented a paper called De Quadratis Magicis at the St Petersburg Academy in 1776. He demonstrated that a magic square can be created by using 9, 16, 25 or 36 cells (blocks). However there were conditions that he imposed on the value of the number variables which brought about the creation of his magic square, this then evolved into Latin Squares on later papers that he presented.

But the versions of Gerns and team puzzlers games differed from Eulers in 2 ways. The first being that Eulers version does not have any regional restrictions and secondly that Euler did not create or intend to create a puzzle. But it was the fact that Gerns and the team from New York saw the potential of a hit puzzle being produced from Eulers work and thus proceeded to create what would be the grandfather version of modern day Sudoku.

In 1997 a retired judge based in Hong Kong called Wayne Gould happened to see a Sudoku puzzle in a Tokyo bookstore and he decided to produce a digital version of the puzzle, which he worked on from 1997 until 2003. Then in 2004 he found himself presenting this unknown puzzle to The Times newspaper in UK and within a few days of it appearing in The Times other newspapers had begun to print their own versions. In fact it became so popular that versions of it were soon to be found in Australia and New Zealand, and by 2005 it had become known as the fastest growing puzzle game throughout the world. Soon after American Newspapers were hearing about this fast growing puzzle and by April 2005 the New York Post was publishing it own version of the game also. Which is quite strange really as it originated from New York some 20 years previously?

Because it is a number puzzle and therefore does not require the use of any letters from any particular language, there is no language barrier. The game is now published in many different publications around the world from magazines to newspapers to books solely dedicated to this highly popular puzzle. You will even find websites that now offer digital versions of the game for either a fee or for free and this will certainly guarantee the games continued success in the future. It also makes it more accessible to the younger population. The race is even on for companies to create a Sudoku puzzle which is specifically designed for mobile phone users.

Sudoku is a logic puzzle which challenges old and young alike and in studies carried out it has been found that those who play Sudoku regularly have increased mental skills.

Allison Thompson a work from home mum who has become fascinated by the popularity of the Japanese Number Puzzle Sudoku and has set up a site dedicated to it. If you would like to learn more then please visit http://www.sudoku.oneohtwo.info.